NATO OFFICIAL SITE

IFOR OFFICIAL SITE

      Organizacija Sjevernoatlantskog ugovora li NATO (engleski: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization; francuski: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN) često nazivana i (sjeverno) Atlantska alijansa je međuvladina vojna organizacija bazirana na podlozi Sjevernoatlantskog ugovora potpisanog 04.04.1949. godine. Štab NATO-a je u Belgiji, u Briselu. Osnova ove organizacije je bio dogovor o zajedničkoj obrani u slučaju napada na bilo koju zemlju članicu ove organizacije.Alijansa ima 28 zemalja članica iz Sjeverne Amerike i Evrope. Najnovije članice us Albanija i Hrvatska koja se pridružila 2009. godine. Dodatne 22 zemlje su uključene u program Partnerstvo za mir, dok je u pregovorima još 15 zainteresiranih zemalja. Zajednički vojni budžet zemalja NATO alijanse iznosi 70% svjetske vojne potrošnje.

      U prvim godinama postojanja, NATO je više bio politička asocijacija. Ipak,Korejski rat galvanizira zemlje pripadnice i izgrađuje se zajednička vojna struktura izgrađena pod upravom dvije američke komande. Izbijanjem „Hladnog rata“ dolazi do rivaliteta između istočnog i zapadnog bloka pa 1955. godine dolazi do formiranja Varšavskog ugovora. 1949. godine, prvi generalni sekretar NATO organizacije lord Ismay, „objašnjava“ bit organizacije: „Zadržati Ruse vani, Amerikance unutra, a Nijemce dolje“. Francuzi se zbog neslaganja povlače iz NATO vojne strukture 1966. godine, ali ostaju saveznici, i učestvuju i u vojnim akcijama pakta.

      The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO ( French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN)), also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmenatal military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. The alliance includes 28 members in North America and Europe, with the newest being Albania and Croatia who joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Patrnership for Peace, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's defence spending.

      For its first few years, NATO was not much more than a political association. However, the Korean War galvanized the member states, and an integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two U.S. supreme commanders. The course of the Cold War led to a rivalry with nations of the Warsaw Pact, formed in 1955. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down." The French withdraw from NATO's military structure in 1966.

      Nakon pada Berlinskog zida 1989. godine, NATO intervenira u sukobima u Bosni i Hercegovini. To je bila prva NATO vojna intervencija, a nakon toga napadaju i Saveznu Republiku Jugoslaviju. Istovremeno organizacija uspostavlja bolje odnose sa bivšim zemljama Varšavskog ugovora od kojih se neke i pridružuju alijansi (u periodu od 1999. do 2004.godine). Napad na SAD, 11.09.2001. godine prvi put pokreće akcije bazirane na članu 5 Sjevernoatlantskog ugovora: napad na jednu članicu je i napad na sve ostale zemlje pakta. Nakon napada, NATO trupe napadaju Afganistan (misija ISAF), nastavljaju se operacije unutar Iraka, NATO pomaže u borbi protiv somalskih pirata te najnovije provođenje Zone zabrane leta iznad Libije (po rezoluciji Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a broj 1973).

      After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the organization became drawn into the Breakup of Yugoslavia, and conducted their first military interventions in Bosnia from 1991 to 1995 and later Yugoslavia in 1999. Politically, the organization sought better relations with former Cold War rivals, which culminated with several former Warsaw Pact states joining the alliance in 1999 and 2004. The September 2001 attacks signalled the only occasion in NATO's history that Article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty has been invoked as an attack on all NATO members. After the attack, troops were deployed to Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF, and the organization continues to operate in a range of roles, including sending trainers to Iraq, assisting in counter-piracy operations and most recently in 2011 enforced a no.fly zone over Libya in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1973.