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MFO OFFICIAL SITE

DEPART. OF DEFENSE

US MARINE CORPS

OPERATION "PROVIDE PROMISE" 1993  OPERACIJA "PROVEDENO OBEĆANJE"

JOINT TASK FORCE

502nd MASH "NON SECUNDUS"

502nd MASH "NON SECUNDUS"

      Misija UN-a za referendum u Zapadnoj Sahari (MINURSO) osnovana je rezolucijom Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a br 690 od 29. 04. 1991. godine usuglašenom sa prijedlozima prihvaćenim od strane Maroka i fronte POLISARIO (Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro). Referendum je predviđen za 1992. godinu ali su se strane sukobljavale oko toga tko može pristupiti referendumu. Svaka je strana krivila onu drugu za zaustavljanje proseca. Nakon propalog „Hjustononskog sporazuma“, dolazi do „Bakerovog plana“, koje odbija Maroko, tako da je referendum i dalje „mrtvo slovo na papiru“.

      The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 of 29 April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted on 30 August 1988 by Morocco and the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO). The independence referendum was originally scheduled for 1992, but conflicts over voter eligibility prevented it from being held. Both sides blamed each other for stalling the process. In 1997, the Houston Agreement was supposed to restart the process, but again failed. In 2003, the Baker Plan was launched to replace the Settlement Plan, but while accepted by the Polisario and unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council, it was rejected by Morocco. Presently, there is no plan for holding the referendum, and the viability of the cease-fire is coming into question.

OPERATION "DESERT SHIELD" OPERACIJA "PUSTINJSKI ŠTIT"

OPERATION "DESERT STORM"   OPERACIJA "PUSTINJSKA OLUJA"

OPERATION "IRAQI FREEDOM" OPERACIJA "IRAČKA SLOBODA"

OPERATION "INHERENT RESOLVE" OPERACIJA "NASLIJEĐENA ODLUČNOST"

      Operacija "Naslijeđena odlučnost" (Inherent Resolve OIR) naziv je američke vojne operacije za međunarodnu vojnu intervenciju protiv ISIL-a, uključujući kampanje u Iraku i Siriji, s usko povezanom kampanjom u Libiji. Do 18. 09. 2018., III oklopni korpus američke vojske bio je odgovoran za kombiniranu zajedničku operativnu grupu - Operaciju Inherent Resolve (CJTF—OIR) i zamijenio ih je XVIII zračno-desantni korpus. Kampanju prvenstveno vode američke zračne snage kao potporu lokalnim saveznicima, među kojima su najistaknutije Iračke snage sigurnosti i Sirijske demokratske snage (SDF). Borbene kopnene jedinice, uglavnom specijalne snage i artiljerija, također su raspoređene, posebice u Iraku. Od zračnih napada, 75-80% izvela je vojska Sjedinjenih Država, a ostalih 20-25% Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, Francuska, Turska, Kanada, Nizozemska, Danska, Belgija, Saudijska Arabija, Ujedinjeni Arapi Emirati, Australiju i Jordan.

      Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) is the U.S. military operation name for the International military intervention against ISIL, including campaigns in Iraq and Syria, with a closely-related campaign in Lybia. Through 18 September 2018, the U.S. Army's III Armored Corps was responsible for Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF—OIR) and were replaced by the XVIII Airborne Corps. The campaign is primarily waged by American air forces in support of local allies, most prominently the Iragi security forces and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Combat ground troops, mostly special forces and artillery, have also been deployed, especially in Iraq. Of the airstrikes, 75–80% have been conducted by the military of the United States, with the other 20–25% by the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Australia and Jordan.

      Na izvezenoj oznaci okruglog oblika promjera 3 inča (7,62 cm) nalaze se zeleni palmin vijenac i dvije dijagonalno ukrštene sablje s bijelim oštricama i zlatnim drškama i štitnicima koji sa vrhovima prema gore nadvisuju podnožje palminog vijenca. Između oštrica su tri žute petokrake zvijezde i sve je okružene tamnoplavim rubom od 1/8 inča (0,32 cm). Palmin vijenac je simbol časti; sablje ukazuju na dvostruku prirodu koalicije - poraz ISIL-a i obnovu stabilnosti na tom području. Tri zvjezdice označavaju zapovijed i zlatno su obojene zbog izvrsnosti. Plava boja označava kopnene, morske i zračne komponente vojske. Moto misije je: Jedna misija, mnogi narodi.

      On a buff circular shaped embroidered item 3 inches (7.62 cm) in diameter, a green palm wreath with the yellow hand guards and pommels of two diagonally crossed scimitars surmounting the base of the palm wreath with white blades, points up, between the blades three yellow five pointed stars, all encircled by a dark blue 1/8 inch (.32 cm) border.  The palm wreath is a symbol of honor; the scimitars indicate the dual nature of the coalition-the defeat of ISIL and the restoration of stability to the area.  The three stars indicate the command and are colored gold for excellence.  Buff and flag blue denote the land, sea and air components of the military. Motto of the mission is: One Mission, Many Nations.

OPERATION ALLIED FORCE   OPERACIJA SAVEZNIČKA SILA

      NATO-vo bombardiranje Savezne Republike Jugoslavije (Operation Allied Force; Operacija Saveznička sila) trajalo je od 24.03. do 01.06. 1999. godine. NATO je 24.03.1999. godine u 20 sati počeo zračne napade na vojne ciljeve u SRJ da bi se kasnije udari proširili i na gospodarske i civilne objekte. U napadima koji su bez prekida trajali 78 dana teško su oštećeni infrastruktura, gospodarski objekti, škole, zdravstvene ustanove, medijske kuće, spomenici kulture, crkve i manastiri. Ekonomski stručnjaci iz Grupe-17 procjenili su štetu na oko 30 milijardi dolara. Konačan broj žrtava službeno nije objavljen, a procjene se kreću između 1200 i 2500 poginulih i oko 5000 ranjenih. Napadi su završeni 10. 06. 1999., nakon potpisivanja vojno-tehničkog sporazuma o povlačenju jugoslavenske vojske i policije sa Kosova i Metohije. Intervencijom NATO snaga, Vojska Jugoslavije se povukla sa Kosova i Metohije, iako je ono ostalo dijelom Srbije. Međutim, 10 godina kasnije, Kosovo je proglasilo neovisnost što je i dalje predmetom raznih kontroverzi.

      The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the NATO's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The air strikes lasted from March 24, 1999 to June 10, 1999. The bombings continued until an agreement was reached that led to the withdrawal of Yugoslav armed forces from Kosovo. The Yugoslavs' narrative was that NATO's campaign was an illegal war of aggression as it did not have the UN Security Council's endorsement. The bombing killed about 1,000 members of the Yugoslav security forces in addition to between 1489 and 1528 civilians. It destroyed bridges, industrial plants, public buildings, factories, private businesses, power plants, water-processing plants. In the days after the Yugoslav army withdrew, over 164,000 Serbs and 24,000 Roma left Kosovo and many of the remaining non-Albanian civilians (as well as Albanians perceived as collaborators) were victims of abuse which included beatings, abductions, and murders. After 10 years Kosovo proclaim independance and still waitting to be fully recognize.  Less than 100 UN members recognize new state.

EXERCISE SEA BREEZE   MORSKI POVJETARAC

      Vježbe nazvane "Morski povjetarac" (Sea Breeze) su bilateralna vježba snaga Ukrajine i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Ali su u vježbe uključene mornarice zemalja crnomorskog regiona, kao i one koje to nisu!

MULTINATIONAL CORPS NORTH EAST  MULTINACIONALNI KOPUS SJEVERO-ISTOK

      1997. ministri obrane Danske, Njemačke i Poljske odlučili su osnovati dansko-njemačko-poljski korpus. Ovaj je korpus trebao dobiti naziv Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok (Multinational Corps Northeast, MNC NE). Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok formiran je 18. rujna 1999. u Szczecinu u Poljskoj, koji je postao njegovo sjedište. Razvio se iz dugogodišnjeg jedinog multinacionalnog korpusa u NATO-u, savezničkih kopnenih snaga Schleswig-Holstein i Jutland (LANDJUT). Trinacionalna radna skupina osnovana je nakon odluke iz srpnja 1997. da Poljska treba biti primljena u NATO. Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok ima ključnu funkciju u integraciji novih država članica NATO-a.

      In July 1997, Ministers of Defence of Denmark, Germany and Poland decided to establish a Danish-German-Polish Corps. This corps was to be named Multinational Corps Northeast. Multinational Corps Northeast was formed on 18 September 1999 at Szczecin, Poland, which became its headquarters. It evolved from what was for many years the only multinational corps in NATO, Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland  (LANDJUT). A tri-national working group was established following the July 1997 decision that Poland was to be admitted to NATO. Multinational Corps North East has a key function in the integration of new NATO member states.

Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok

Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok

Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok

      Od 2004. godine članice postaju Estonija, Latvija i Litva. 2005. Slovačka, Češka - 2005. SAD 2006., 2008. Rumunjska. Slovenija je 2009. godine ušla u obitelj MNC NE. U siječnju 2012. Hrvatska je službeno postala dvanaesta nacija Korpusa. U srpnju 2013. Mađarska i 2014. Švedska, koja nije članica NATO-a, poslale su svog predstavnika u Baltičku vojarnu. Godine 2015. turski, britanski, francuski i nizozemski časnici započeli su svoju dužnost u Szczecinu. Kanada, Island, Belgija, Norveška i Grčka pridružile su se Korpusu 2016. godine.

      Since 2004, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania become members. In 2005, Slovakia,  the Czech Republic - in 2005. The US in 2006, in 2008, Romania. In 2009, Slovenia entered the MNC NE family. In January 2012, Croatia officially became the twelfth nation of the Corps. In July 2013, Hungary and in 2014 Sweden, a non-NATO member, sent its representative to the Baltic Barracks. In 2015 Turkish, British, French and Dutch officers started their tours of duty in Szczecin. Canada, Iceland, Belgium, Norway and Greece joined the Corps in 2016.

      The leading country in the Regional Command West is Italy, which forces are based on members of the MLF's multinational brigade that consists of Italian, Slovenian and Hungarian units, again led by Italians, with units from other countries. For example, the Spaniards are leaders in the provincial Qala-E-Now reconstruction team, the Lithuanians in Changhcharan and the Italians in Herat. Along with all of them, there are also members of the armed forces of other countries (41).

      Borbene grupe su multinacionalne snage stalno stacionirane u zemlji domaćinu i osmišljene da djeluju uz vojsku te zemlje i ojačaju je u slučaju sukoba. Podršku im pružaju jedinice vojski članica NATO-a koje se rotiraju kroz zemlju domaćina, ali ostaju pod direktnom komandom svoje matične zemlje. NATO je priopćio da su saveznici nakon početka rata u Ukrajini odlučili formirati četiri nove multinacionalne borbene grupe, u Bugarskoj, Mađarskoj, Rumunjskoj i Slovačkoj, kako bi pojačali odvraćanje na istočnom krilu NATO-a. Te borbene grupe i četiri već uspostavljene u istočnoj Europi sadržavat će oko 30.000 vojnika.

      The battlegroups are multinational forces permanently stationed in the host country and designed to operate alongside and strengthen that country's military in case of conflict. They are supported by units from NATO-member militaries that rotate through the host country but remain under the direct command of their home country. The NATO stated that following the war in Ukraine, the Allies had decided to form four new multinational battlegroups, in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia in order to bolster the deterrence on NATO's eastern flank. Those battlegroups and the four already set up in Eastern Europe will contain some 30,000 troops.

OPERATION "ENDURING FREEDOM" OPERACIJA "TRAJNA SLOBODA"

      Maslinove grančice i golubica su povezane sa misijom mira Međunarodnih snaga i promatrača. Obadvoje simbolizira nadu za mir u svijetu. Grančice su u obliku slova S što simbolizita sinajski poluotok.

      The olive branches and dove relate to the Multinational Force and Observers’ peaceful mission and the hope of peace throughout the world. The S-shaped configuration refers to the Sinai Peninsula as the place of service.

      Međunarodne snage i promatrači (The Multinational Force and Observers MFO) su međunarodne snage koje nadgledaju provođenje mirovnog ugovora između Egipta i  Izraela. MFO misija djeluje na Sinajskom poluotoku. 17. 09. 1978. godine Egipat i Izraela potpisuju kamp Davidski sporazum. Vijeće sigurnosti nije bilo u stanju osigurati vojne snage za provođenje nadzora, radi mogućnosti veta od strane SSSR-a, na traženje Sirije. Tada Egipat, Izrael i SAD „zaobilaze“ UN i sami, 03. 08. 1981. dogovaraju osnivanje ovih snaga. Do sada je u njima učestvovalo 13 zemalja.

      The Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) is an international peacekeeping force overseeing the terms of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. The MFO generally operates in and around the Sinai peninsula. On September 17, 1978, the Camp David Accords were signed by Israeli Prime Minister and Egyptian President under the sponsorship of United States President. The accords provided for a full Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. The President of the UN Security Council indicated that the UN would be unable to provide the force, due to the threat of a veto of the motion by the USSR at the request of Syria. Egypt, Israel and the US opened negotiations to set up a peacekeeping organization outside the framework of the UN. On August 3, 1981, the Protocol to the Treaty of Peace was signed, establishing the Multinational Force and Observers.