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      Sudanske policijske snage nastaju 1898. godine kada britanske kolonijalne vlasti  organiziraju prve policijske jedinice. Službenim se početkom računa 1908. godina, kada Britanci organiziraju pravu policijsku službu, čiju organizaciju preuzima sudanska vlada nakon uspostave samostalnosti 1956. Centrala je u Kartumu, podjeljena u odjele kojima je na čelu policajac u činu general-majora. Odjeli su odgovorni za kriminalističke istrage, administraciju, školovanje, javne poslove, pasošku kontrolu, imigraciju i poslove sigurnosti. Glavne operativne snage su prometna i interventna policija.

      Zakonima iz 1979. godine uspostavljaju se specijalizirane policijske jedinice, kao npr željeznička policija, pod direktnim zapovjedništvom centrale u kartumu. Nacionalna policija je podijeljena u provincijske, koje su organizirane po istom principu kao i centrala. Brojčana, policijske snage su rasle od 7.500 ljudi prilikom stjecanja nezavisnosti 1956., preko 18.000 '70-tih do 30.00 u '80-tim. Osim na jugu zemlje, gdje je za sigurnost bila zadužena vojska, policija je brojčano bila proporcionalna broju stanovništva regije, ali je u regijama gdje su „očekivane nevolje“ broj policajaca bio veći.

      The Sudan Police Force (SPF) had its beginnings in 1898 when a British army captain was placed in the central administration for police duties, and thirty British army officers directly responsible to him were detailed to organize provincial police establishments. The SPF was officially established by the British in 1908 and was absorbed by the Sudanese government on independence in 1956. Central police headquarters in Khartoum was organized into divisions, each commanded by a police major general. The divisions were responsible for criminal investigations, administration, training, public affairs, passport control, immigration, and security affairs. The main operational elements were the traffic police and the riot police.

      The 1979 legislation brought specialized police units, such as that of the Sudan Railways, under the authority of the SPF headquarters. The national police establishment was subdivided into provincial commands, which were organized according to the same divisions found in the national headquarters. Local police directors were responsible to provincial police commissioners, who in turn were responsible to the SPF director general in Khartoum. Each provincial command had its own budget. The SPF expanded from roughly 7,500 officers and men at independence in 1956 to approximately 18,000 in 1970 and 30,000 by the mid-1980s. Except for the south where internal security in government-held areas was the responsibility of military and security organs, the police establishment was distributed roughly in proportion to population density but was reinforced in areas where there was a likelihood of trouble.

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