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Oružane snage Meksika se sastoje od Kopnene vojske koja uključuje Meksičko
zrakoplovstvo FAM, te Mornarice koja u svojem sastavu također ima avijaciju
(FAN) te mornaričku pješadiju. Zadaće oružanih snaga se sastoje od odbrane
od vanjskog agresora, osiguravanja unutrašnje sigurnosti te pomaganju
civilnom stanovništvu u vrijeme katastrofa. Vojska je sastavljena u
potpunosti od profesionalnih vojnika, bez obzira što postoji vojna služba,
regrute ne uključuju u jedinice kopnene vojske ili mornarice. |
The Mexican Armed
Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Mexico) are composed of the Mexican Army which
includes the Mexican Air Force (FAM) as a subordinate entity and the
Mexican Navy which also includes the Mexican naval infantry and Naval
Aviation (FAN). Its three objectives are the repulsion of external
aggressions, protection of internal security, and to aid the civilian
population in case of natural disaster. It is made up entirely of career
soldiers, and although National Military Service does exist conscripts are
not integrated into any army or navy unit. |
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ARMY
KOPNENA VOJSKA |
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Kopnena se vojska sastoji od tri glavne komponente: generalštaba,
teritorijalnih komandi te nezavisnih jedinica. Ministar odbrane
komandira kopnenom vojskom kroz strogo centralizirani sistem sa puno
generala. Kopnena vojska je najveći dio meksičkih oružanih snaga.
trenutno postoji 12 vojnih regija, koje su dalje podijeljene na 44
podređene vojne zone. U obadva se slučaja brojčani sistem koristi za
označavanje jedinica (vidi oznaku). Nemaju sve regije isti broj zona, to
ovisi o operacionim potrebama, a to rezultira i jačinom jedinica u
pojedinim zonama. |
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CAP BADGE |
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Oznaka za kape |
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There are three main
components of the Army: a national headquarters, territorial commands, and
independent units. The Minister of Defense commands the Army by means of a
very centralized system and a large number of general officers. The Army
is the largest branch of Mexico's armed services. Presently, there are 12
"Military Regions", which are further broken down into 44 subordinate "Military
Zones." In both cases, a numbering system is used for designation. There
is no set number of zones within a region, and these can therefore be
tailored to meet operational needs, with a corresponding increase or
decrease in troop strength. |
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12th MILITARY
REGION |
4th REGION 7th
MIL. ZONE |
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12. vojna regija |
4. vojna regija 7. zona |
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Meksiko je podijeljen u dvanaest Vojnih regija koje su sastavljene od
četrdeset i četiri Vojne zone (2007. godine je bilo dvanaest regija i
četrdeset i pet zona). Broj zona unutar jedne regije nije određen, njihov
broj određuju operativne potrebe te povećanje ili smanjenje broja jedinica
u nekoj od zona. |
México is divided into twelve Military Regions composed of forty-four sub-ordinate
Military Zones (in 2007 were 12 regions with 45 zones), the enumeration is
for nominal designation. There is no fixed number of zones in a region,
therefore operational needs determine how many or how few, with
corresponding increases and decreases in troop strength. |
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ARMY SCHOOLS
VOJNO ŠKOLSTVO |
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Kandidati za oficire triju službi školuju se na vojnim koledžima i to
Kopnena vojska u Mexico City-u, Guadalajara i Jelisco za avijaciju te
Veracruz za mornaricu. Općenito pitomci dolaze iz nižih i srednjih slojeva
društva tako da im ove škole omogućuju uspon na društvenoj ljestvici jer
je vojni poziv cijenjen u društvu. Vojni koledži nisu fakulteti, ali
omogućuju značajno znanje tehničkih nauka, primjenjivo i u civilnim
poslovima, nakon izlaska iz vojske. Naravno da značajno mjesto u
školovanju zauzimaju vojna etika (čast, dužnost, ljubav prema domovini),
povijest, disciplina, fizička pripremljenost itd. Oružane snage omogućuju i univerzitetsko školovanje
kroz "Ratnu školu" (Collegio de Guerra) i to je obavezno školovanje za
oficire koji žele dosegnuti čin generala ili admirala. |
WAR SCHOOL Ratna škola |
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MILITARY ENGENEERS
SCHOOL |
MILITARY SIGNALS
SCHOOL |
MILITARY MEDICAL SCHOOL |
Vojno-inžinjerijska škola |
Vojna škola veze |
Vojno-medicinska škola |
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Officer candidates for the three services are trained in military colleges;
Mexico City for the Army, Guadalajara, Jalisco, for the Air Force, and
Veracruz, for the Navy. Generally, officer candidates are from society's
lower and middle classes, therefore a military commission is a means of
upward social mobility for the poor, yet society respects military
officers. |
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The military colleges are not universities, yet provide significant
technical training applicable to civil employment after military service.
They emphasise military ethics (honour, duty, country), history,
discipline, physical fitness, and the perpetuation of the military as a
societal institution. The armed forces provide university-level education
through the War College (Colegio de Guerra) in Mexico City, to which
officers must attend and earn a Diplomado
del Estado Mayor (DEM) degree to qualify for promotion to general
officer or admiral rank. |
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ARMY
RANKS
ČINOVI
KOPNENE VOJSKE |
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Mexico je usvojio strukturu činova od Španjolske vojske (uz manje
izmjene). Najviši čin u Sekretarijatu nacionalne obrane je General i nosi
ga samo Komandant Kopnene vojske (ekvivalent tome činu je General u vojsci
SAD-a). Generalski činove prepoznajemo po zlatnom orlu i srebrenim
zvjezdicama na epoletama. |
Mexico originally adopted its system of officer ranks from the Spanish
military. The highest rank within the Secretariat of National Defense is
the rough equivalent of a general in the US Army. Generals are identified
by insignia composed of silver stars and a gold eagle worn on their
epaulets. |
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COLONEL |
LIEUTENANT COLONEL |
MAJOR |
Coronel |
Teniente Coronel |
Mayor |
Pukovnik |
Potpukovnik |
Major |
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Pukovnike prepoznajemo po tri zlatne zvjezdice složene u trokut. Pukovnici
zapovijedaju pojedinim brigadama ili regimentama ili služe kao načelnici
štabova. Neki potpukovnici (dvije zlatne zvjezdice) zapovijedaju
bataljonom ili konjičkim skvadronom ali većina služi kao instruktori ili
pomoćnici u štabovima. Majori (jedna zvjezdica) ponekad služe kao
zamjenici komandanta bataljona, ali uglavnom se bave upravljanjem ili
obukom. |
Officers holding the rank of colonel command certain brigades and cavalry
regiments, serve as chiefs of staff for military zones, or manage staff
directorates. Colonels are identified by three gold stars arranged in a
triangle on their epaulets. The equivalents of lieutenant colonels, a
select few of whom may command a battalion or cavalry squadron but most of
whom serve as instructors or administrative aides, wear two gold stars.
Majors sometimes serve as second-in-command of battalions or squadrons,
but usually are assigned to personnel management and training. They are
identified by a single gold star. |
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FIRST CAPTAIN |
FIRST CAPTAIN |
SECOND CAPTAIN |
Capitán
primero |
Capitán
primero |
Capitán segundo |
Prvi
kapetan |
Prvi
kapetan |
Drugi
kapetan |
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1st
LIEUTANANT |
2nd LIEUTANANT |
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Teniente |
Subteniente |
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Poručnik |
Potporučnik |
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Ostali oficirski činovi uključuju prvog i drugog kapetana (obadva su u
rangu US captain). Kapetan ima tri metalne trake, s tim da je srednja kod
drugog kapetana manja od dvije sa strane. Kapetani zapovijedaju četom,
baterijom, skvadronom. Ispod kapetana su poručnik (dvije zlatne metalne
trake) te potporučnik sa jednom zlatnom metalnom trakom. |
Other commissioned ranks include first captain and second captain, both
comparable to the United States rank of captain. First captains wear three
gold bars on the epaulet; second captains have two-and-one-half gold bars.
Captains command companies, squadrons, and batteries. Below these ranks
are first lieutenants, with two gold bars, and second lieutenants,
identified by a single gold bar. |
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MASTER
SERGEANT INFANTRY |
STAFF
SERGEANT INFANTRY |
CORPORAL INFANTRY |
Sargento
primero |
Sargento
segundo |
Cabo |
Glavni
narednik (pješadija) |
Stožerni
narednik (pješadija) |
Kaplar (pješadija) |
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Nazivi i izgled
činova za podoficire i vojnike u Kopnenoj vojsci i zračnim snagama (koje
su dio KoV-a) su isti. Najviši čin narednik 1. klase (ili glavni narednik)
ima epolete sa tri vodoravne trake, ostali narednici imaju dvije ili jednu
vodoravnu traku. Vojnici s činom "primero" imaju dvije trake, ali okrenute
okomito na epoleti, dok obični vojnik nema nikakve oznake na epoleti.
Rodovi vojske se prepoznaju po boji koja se nalazi na činovima. Na dnu
stranice se nalaze boje za pojedine službe. |
The rank titles and rank insignia for enlisted personnel in the army and
air force are the same. The highest rank, sergeant 1st class (or master
sergeant), is recognized by epaulets with three horizontal red bars. The
next two lowest ranks, sergeant and private 1st class (or corporal
specialist), are distinguished by two and one horizontal red bars,
respectively. The soldado de primera, (private) in the army and airman in
the air force, has two short vertical red bars. The lowest rank for each
service, basic private or airman basic (soldado), wears a plain green
epaulet. |
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NAVY
MORNARICA |
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Ministarstvo mornarice, sa svojim generalštabom se nalazi u Mexico
city-u. U njemu "Admiralska hunta" Savjet admirala, igra značajnu
savjetodavnu ulogu. Mornarica je podijeljena u dvije samostalne
operacione grupe: Golfske i Pacifičke snage. Organizaciona struktura im
se malo i razlikuje. Obadvije su podijeljene u regije: Pacifička na
2.,4. i 6-tu, a Golfska na 1., 2 i 3-ću. Ove su regije dalje podijeljene
u sektore i zone. Zračne snage unutar mornarice imaju transportne,
izviđačke i nadzorne avione. Pod svojom komandom imaju i mornaričku
pješadiju. Značajnu ulogu mornarica ima u borbi protiv narko kartela.
Mornarica ima i vlastita brodogradilišta, što ima i značajan ekonomski
učinak na zemlju. |
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The Ministry of the
Navy, the Navy's national headquarters, is located in Mexico City. The
"Junta (or Council) of Admirals" plays a unique consultative and advisory
role within the headquarters. The Navy's operational forces are organized
as two independent groups: the Gulf Force and the Pacific (West) Force.
Each group has its own headquarters, a destroyer group, an auxiliary
vessel group, a Marine Infantry Group, and a Special Forces group. The
Gulf and Pacific Forces are not mirror images of each other, as
independence of organization is permitted. Both are subdivided into
regions, with Regions 1, 3, and 5 on the Gulf, and 2, 4, and 6 on the
Pacific. Each region is further divided into sectors and zones, so a
proliferation of headquarters and senior officers exists. The Navy also
has an air arm with troop transport, reconnaissance, and surveillance
aircraft. Marine force play a vital role in drug interdiction and boarding
of suspect vessels in territorial waters. The Navy maintains significant
infrastructure, including naval dockyards that have the capability of
building ships. These dockyards have a significant employment and economic
impact in the country. |
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ON TOP
NA VRH |
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