Republika Kina - Republic of China (ROC), uobičajeno zvana Tajvan (Taiwan) ima velike i tehnološki vrlo napredne oružane snage. Ove snage su izrasle iz povijesne Nacionalne armije koja se povukla sa matičnog kopna sa Kuomitang partijom nakon što su u građanskom ratu kopneni teritorij osvojile snage Komunističke partije Kine. Do 1970-tih godina glavna zadaća oružanih snaga Tajvana je bila ponovo osvojiti matično kopno. Sadašnji primarni zadaci su odbrana otoka (Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu) od moguće invazije Narodno-oslobodilačke vojske Narodne Republike Kine, koju vide kao glavnu prijetnju Republici Kini (Tajvanu) u razmiricama oko političkog statusa Tajvana.

     The Republic of China (ROC) (commonly known as Taiwan) maintains a large and technologically advanced military establishment. It is historically continuous with the Nationalist army that retreated from mainland China to Taiwan with the Kuomintang (KMT) at the end of the Chinese Civil War, when the mainland was taken over by the Communist Party of China. Until the 1970s, the military's primary mission was to retakemainland China. The military's current foremost mission is the defense of the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu against a possible invasion by the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China, which is seen as the predominant threat to the ROC in the ongoing dispute over the political status of Taiwan.