POLICE AND ARMY

MATHIAS BOTH COLLECTION

CAP BADGES OZNAKE ZA KAPE 

1954 - 1990.

1949 - 1954.

      Oznaka za radnu kapu „titovku“, koju se nosila na dužnosti i u obuci. Nosili su je  kadeti, Granična policija, centralne službe u Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova i drugi. U upotrebi je bila od 1949. godine pa do 1954.

      This cap badge was worn on both dress and working uniform. It was worn by cadets, Border Police and Central services in Ministry of Interior. It was in use from 1949 till 1954.

PEOPLES POLICE  NARODNA POLICIJA  Volkspolizei

      Volkspolizei, Narodna policija je na Zapadu prozvana "VoPo", dok su je Istočni Nijemci zvali VP ili "Bulen" (Bikovi) pa i "Zeleni" radi boje uniforme. Osnovana nakon Drugog svjetskog rata prestaje djelovati sa ujedinjenjem Njemačke. Policajci su redovito imali vojnu obuku, pa se tako "Kasernierte Einheiten" ili "Bereitschaftspolizei" mogu smatrati i paralelnom vojskom. Za razliku od ostalih kolega bili su opremljeni oklopim transporterima i artiljerijom. Svi oficiri u Volkspolizei su morali biti članovi socijalističke partije. Policija je bila podređena direktno Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova. Prvi zamjenik ministra je bio na čelu policije podijeljene u 5 odjela: Krim policija, Temeljna, Transportna, Prometna i Registracijski odjel (osobne, pasoši itd).

      The Volkspolizei (German for "People's Police") was the national police. In West Germany officers were commonly nicknamed "VoPo", although GDR citizens called the Volkspolizei "VP", "Bullen (Cops)" or even "die Grünen" (the greens, because of the green police uniform). The VP was founded after WWII and abolished after German reunification. Volkspolizei officers received military training regularly. The so called "Kasernierte Einheiten der Volkspolizei" aka "Bereitschaftspolizei" can be considered as a second army. Unlike the "normal" police, they were equipped with APC´s and artillery and trained as military units. Unlike the NCO´s every commissioned officer had to be a member of the socialist party. The Volkspolizei was a national police force and was directly administered by and subordinate only to the Ministry of the Interior. The "VP" was administered by the Ministry of the Interior. The person in charge was the 1^st Deputy Minister of the Interior and Chief of Police (Erster Stellvertreter des Ministers und Chef der Deutschen Volkspolizei). His section was subdivided into 5 departments (Hauptabteilung): - Criminal Investigation (Kriminalpolizei); - Uniformed Police (Schutzpolizei); - Railway Police (Transportpolizei); - Traffic Police (Verkehrspolizei) and Registration Department (Hauptabteilung Pass- und Meldewesen). The military part of the "Volkspolizei",i.e. "Kasernierte Einheiten", was administered by the Deputy Minister of the Interior and Chief of the Administrative Center (Stellvertreter des Minister und Chef der Hauptinspektion).

      Klasifikacijska značka vodiča službenog psa (Klassifizierungsspange für Diensthundeführer) dodjeljivana je od 1966-te do 02. 10. 1990. godine. Značka, dužine 63 mm, je u srebreno patinirana i sastoji se od pet traka okrenutih prema vanjskoj strani, koje se sužavaju prema krajevima. Srednja od odih 5 traja je najšira i najduža. U sredini značke je vijenac od hrastovog lišća, promjera 25 mm.  Na vrhu vijenca su tri polja u bojama državne zastave crna, crvena i žuta, a u sredini crvenog polja se nalazi grb DDR-a. Unutar vijenca je prikaz glave psa, njemačkog ovčara zlatne boje. U dnu vijenca je oval bijele boje u kojem je rimskim brojem ispisana klasa. Značka je dodjeljivana pripadnicima Graničnih jedinica, policije i Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova.

      The classification badge (Klassifizierungsspange für Diensthundeführer) awarded from 1966 to October 2, 1990 has the shape of a silver-plated clasp that is 63 mm wide and consists of five rays on both sides that taper towards the outside. The middle of the five rays is the widest. In the middle of the clasp you can see an oak leaf wreath, which has a diameter of approx. 25 mm and shows three enameled fields in the upper middle, which are laid out in black, red and gold. The middle red shows the coat of arms of the GDR. In its lower part, a white oval field can be seen, on which the awarded performance level can be seen. The head of a German shepherd is found within the oak leaf wreath. The award is given to members of the border troops of the GDR, as well as to members of the NVA and the Ministry of the Interior.

PEOPLES POLICE RANKS  ČINOVI NARODNE POLICIJE

      Da bi postao policajac, Istočni Nijemac je morao imati završenih bar 10 godina škole i odslužen vojni rok. Bitna je bila i politička lojalnost režimu. Nakon prijema, kandidat bi prošao petomjesečno školovanje na policijskoj akademiji. Učilo se, uz političku edukaciju i policijske i kriminalne zakone, procedure postupanja a imali su i kondicione treninge u vojnom stilu. Nakon toga bi polaznik proveo šest mjeseci na praksi. Razlozi koje su navodili za prijem u službu su bili isti kao i u ostalim policijama pa tako i Zapadne Njemačke: želja za rad sa ljudima, obiteljska tradicija, idealizam, vjera u sistem i želja za služenjem domovini. U pripremama za njemačko ujedinjenje, na Istoku je stvoreno pet federalnih jedinica (država), koje su stvorile svoje vlastite policije. Pristupiti su smjeli svi bivši pripadnici Narodne policije pod uvjetom da nisu bili pripadnici Stasija. Prije samog ujedinjenja, a i nakon toga svi su ti policajci morali proći dodatnu obuku baziranu na Zapadnonjemačkom pravnom sistemu.

      To become a Volkspolizei officer, an East German needed to have at least a ten year education, have completed vocational training and finished the military service. A history of political loyalty was also a must. After joining, a recruit would go through a 5-month course at the "VP-Schule" (Police Academy). The schedule contained political education, police law, criminal law and procedures and also military style fitness training. Afterwards the recruit completed a 6-month practical internship. The reasons Volkspolizei officers gave for joining the force were the same as any Western policemen: a desire to work with people, idealism, family tradition, belief in the system and the wish to serve one's country. In preparation of the German reunification in East Germany 5 federal states were founded. Every state created his own police forces. Every former VP-officer could apply for a job with the new police if he had not worked as an agent for the MfS. Recently before and after the reunification every VP officer had to undergo a new training based on West German law.

TRANSPORT POLICE TRANSPORTNA POLICIJA Transportpolizei

      Transportpolizei je vrsta prometne policije. Nadimak im je bio "Trapos". Bili su dio Narodne policije (Volkspolizei) čiji je primarni zadatak bio održavanje reda na svim vrstama prijevoza, ali prvenstveno na željeznici. Brojala je otprilike 8500 policajaca, organiziranih na državnom nivou te na regionalnim nivoima, tamo gdje je bilo željeznice. Nosili su uniforme tamnoplave boje radi čega im je prišiven nadimak "borovnice". Bili su organizirani u šesnaest četa i naoružani s lakim pješadijskim oružjem (uključivo ručne bacače). Nadzirali su sve veće željezničke stanice i kontrolirali putnike, naročito uz granicu Zapadne Njemačke. Prije izgradnje Berlinskog zida kontrolirali su i podzemnu željeznicu u Zapadnom Berlinu (tako su i policajci iz Zap. Berlina kontrolirali podzemnu u oba dijela grada. Nastavni centar im je bio u Halle-u. Od 1953. do 1957. godine su bili pod Ministarstvom javne sigurnosti. Od 1957. godine postaju dio Volkspolizei. Ujedinjenjem Njemačke 1990. godine ostaju im ovlasti samo na željeznicama, a od 01. 04. 1992. godine preuzima ih Njemačka granična služba (današnja savezna policija).

      The Transport Police (Transportpolizei) was the transit police (whose officers were commonly nicknamed TraPos). It was part of the Volkspolizei and dealt with all modes of transit but primarily with trains and railroads. It consisted of approximately 8,500 men, that were organized from a national level and at district level with each Deutsche Reichsban district. They wore dark-blue uniforms (that were colloquially called “blueberries”) instead of the standard green Volkspolizei uniform. They were organized into sixteen companies and equipped with small arms and RPG-7 shoulder-fired antitank grenade launchers. The Transportpolizei supervised all larger train stations and controlled the travellers, particularly at the border with West Germany, and directed traffic. Before the building of the Berlin Wall, the Transportpolizei controlled the S-Bahn in West-Berlin (as the Deutsche Reichsbahn controlled the S-Bahn in both East and Wst Berli). The service training school of the Transportpolizei was in Halle. From January 1953 until February 1957 the Transportpolizei was part of the Ministry of Public Security, in turn part of the Office of the Secretary of State. Starting from March 1957 it was transferred to the Volkspolizei. After German reunification in 1990 the Transportpolizei was made into a force responsible only for guarding the railways. On April 1, 1992 the Transportpolizei was taken over by the German Federal Boreder Guard (now called the German Federal Police).

TRANSPORT POLICE HELICOPTER UNIT  HELIKOPTERSKA JEDINICA TRANSPORTNE POLICIJE

AUTHORISED DISTRICT POLICE  REGIONALNA POLICIJA  Abschnittsbevollmachtiger

      Krajem 1952 godine uvodi se "socijalistički" model vršenja policijske službe. Cijela je istočna Njemačka podijeljena na sektore (sekcije) sa stalnim policajcem, nešto kao kvartovski policajac "Abschnittsbevollmachtiger", koji je bio odgovoran za sigurnost ali i nadzor lokalne populacije.

      The introduction in late 1952 of a model of community policing, entire GDR was divided into“sectioons“ each with a resident police officer Abschnittsbevollmachtiger, responsible for the security and supervision of the local population.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY INDUSTRIJSKA POLICIJA Betriebsschutz

      Ove su se policijske jedinice brinule o osiguranju industrijskih postrojenja, borile se protiv industrijske špijunaže, sabotaža, krađa i bavile se i protupožarnom zaštitom štićenih objekata.

      Industrial safety police or Betriebsschutz (factory or work security (=Arbeitsschutz)) meaning Volkspolizei assigned to factory protection. Their main tasks were:  protection of industrial subjects against theft, industrial espionage, fire protection etc. 

POLICE HELPER  POMOĆNIK NARODNE POLICIJE  Helfer der Volkspolizei

      Garrisoned People's Police or Barracked People's Police (German: Kasernierte Volkspolizei, KVP) were the military units of the Volkspolizei (police) in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), formed in 1948. Soviet Military Administration in Germany formed the Alert Police (Bereitschaftspolizei), a force of armed units housed in barracks and trained in military fashion. The force consisted of forty units with 100 - 250 men each, the units were subordinated to provincial authorities. Many of the officers and men were recruited among German POWs held in the Soviet Union. In November 1948 the German Interior Administration (Deutschen Verwaltung des Innern, DVdI) took responsibility over the force (and the border troops) and included them in section named Hauptabteilung Grenzpolizei und Bereitschaften (HA GP/B). After changing two names finnaly on June 1, 1952 they become Kasernierte Volkspolizei (KVP). In addition to ground troops HVA and KVP also included a separate naval and air arm. In December 1952 KVP membership was up to 90,250. The communist party and Soviet military authorities did exercise strict ideological control over the force. On March 1, 1956, the KVP units were transferred into the newly established army of East Germany, the National People's Army (NVA).