Krajem 1990. godine Čečenska republika proglašava samostalnost i u maju 1991. godine proglašava samostalnu Čečensko-Ingušetijsku republiku. Krajem osmog mjeseca 1991, bivši general sovjetske avijacije Džohar Dudajev upada na zasjedanje Vrhovnog sovjeta (Vlade) Čečensko-Ingušetijske Autonomne sovjetske socijalističke republike i preuzima kontrolu nad Vladom. 1992. Čečeno-Ingušetija se dijeli u dvije odvojene republike. Od 1991 do 1994 protjerani su deseci tisuća ne Čečena, većinom Rusa.

      In November 1990, the Chechen republic issued the declaration of its sovereignty, and in May 1991 an independent Chechen-Ingush Republic was pronounced. In August 1991, former Soviet air force general Dzhokhar Dudayev, a Chechen politician, stormed a session of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR Supreme Soviet and took control of government and in November he declared Chechnya independent from the Russian Federation. In 1992 Checheno-Ingushetia divided into two separate republics: Chechnya and Ingushetia. Dudayev pursued nationalistic, anti-Russian policies. From 1991 to 1994, tens of thousands of people of non-Chechen ethnicity, mostly Russians, left the republic amid reports f violence against the non-Chechen population.

      Prvi čečenski rat je bio pokušaj Rusije da u dvogodišnjem ratu spriječi odvajanje Čečenije od RF. Rezultat rata je bila defacto samostalnost od Rusije. Drugi čečenski rat počinje 26. 08. 1999 i u njemu bolje organizirana i sa bolje planiranim operacijama Ruske federalne snage uspijevaju brzo povratiti vlast na cijelom zemljom, pa se na nakon raspada tadašnje čečenske vlade, u južnom planinskom dijelu javljaju gerilske aktivnosti.

      The First Chechen War occurred when Russian forces attempted to stop Chechnya from seceding in a two-year period lasting from 1994 to 1996, and resulted in Chechnya's de facto independence from Russia. The Second Chechen War was a military campaign conducted by Russia starting August 26, 1999, better-organized and planned than the first Chechen War, the Russian Federal forces were able to quickly re-establish control over most regions and after the re-capture of Grozny in February 2000, the Ichkerian regime fell apart, although guerrilla activity continues in the southern mountainous regions.