U njemačkoj kopnenoj vojsci (Heer), kao i zračnim snagama (Luftwaffe)
postoje tri "vrste" karijera: oficiri (Offiziere), podoficiri
(Unteroffiziere) i vojnici (na služenju vojnog roka ili profesionalci)
(Mannschaften). Činovi se nose na obadva ramena. |
The
German Army (Heer) as the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) distinguishes three
career paths: officers (Offiziere), NCO's (Unteroffiziere) and enlisted
men (Mannschaften). Rank insignia are worn on both shoulders.
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ENLISTED PRESONNEL
VOJNICI
Unteroffiziere |
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Vojnik (Soldat) se uglavnom zamjenjuje nazivima specifičnim za granu
ili službu (Truppengattung),
kao što su letač (Flieger),
vezist (Funker),
pješadinac (Grenadier),
Laki pješadinac (Jäger),
artiljerac (Kanonier),
inžinjerac (Pionier),
vezista-oklopnjak (Panzerfunker),
oklopni pješadinac (Panzergrenadier),
"protuoklopnjak" (Panzerjäger),
tenkist (Panzersoldat),
bolničar (Sanitätssoldat),
strijelac (Schütze)
itd... |
The
rank Soldat is replaced by ranks specific to their Truppengattung (branch
of service): Flieger (Flg) Aviator; Funker (Fu) Signaller; Grenadier (Gren)
Infantrymen; Jäger (Jg) Light Infantryman; Kanonier (Kan) Gunner; Pionier
(Pi) Sapper; Panzerfunker (PzFu) Armoured-Signaler; Panzergrenadier (PzGren)
Armoured-Infantryman; Panzerjäger (PzJg) Tank Destroyer; Panzerkanonier (PzKan)
Armored-Gunner; Panzerpionier (PzPi) Armoured-Sapper; Panzerschütze (PzSchtz)
Tanker; Panzersoldat (PzSdt) Tanker; Sanitätssoldat (SanSdt) Medic and
Schütze (Schtz) Rifleman. |
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SOLDIER TECHNICAL SERVICE |
SOLDIER ARTILLERY |
SOLDIER INFANTRY |
Soldat
Technischetruppe |
Soldat
Artillerietruppe |
Soldat
Infanterie |
Vojnik
tehničke jedinice |
Vojnik
artiljerija |
Vojnik
pješadija |
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PRIVATE |
PRIVATE |
PRIVATE 1st CLASS |
Gefreiter |
Gefreiter |
Obergefreiter |
Vojnik
prve klase |
Vojnik
prve klase |
Kaplar |
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Gefreiter je jednak činu Private
(OR-2) u Američkim oružanim
snagama. Gefreiter je bio najniži čin u koji je običan vojnik mogao
biti unaprijeđen. Kao čin postoji još od kasnog 16-tog vijeka. Od
1920-te Gefreiter je "razdijeljen" u nekoliko dodatnih činova, i to
Obergefreiter, Hauptgefreiter, Stabsgefreiter i Oberstabsgefreiter.
Sličan čin postoji u oružanim snagama Ruske Federacije ("Ефрейтор";
yefreytor, efreitor), Ukrajine (Єфрейтор, ; yefreytor, efreitor) i
Bjelorusije, a postojao je i u bivšem Sovjetskom Savezu. U današnjoj
Njemačkoj vojsci skoro svaki vojnik i mornar, koji uspješno prođe
osnovnu obuku od 12 nedjelja bude unaprijeđen u ovaj čin. |
Gefreiter
is the equivalent for Private (OR-2) in the armed services. Gefreiter was
the lowest rank to which an ordinary soldier could be promoted. As a
military rank it has existed since at least the 16th century. From the
1920s on Gefreiter has expanded into several additional ranks,
those being Obergefreiter, Hauptgefreiter, Stabsgefreiter and
Oberstabsgefreiter. A similar rank exists in Russia ("Ефрейтор"; yefreytor,
efreitor), Ukraine (Єфрейтор, ; yefreytor, efreitor) and Belarus and
existed in late Soviet Union. In today's German Federal Armed Forces,
almost every soldier or sailor successfully passing the 12 weeks basic
training is promoted to Gefreiter. |
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LANCE CORPORAL |
LANCE CORPORAL |
CORPORAL |
Hauptgefreiter |
Hauptgefreiter |
Stabsgefreiter |
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SPECIALIST |
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Oberstabsgefreiter |
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Da bi bio unaprijeđen u čin
Oberstabsgefreiter-a vojnik mora provesti najmanje šest godina u službi od
čega najmanje pet na vojničkim dužnostima. Najveća razlika između ovih
činova i podoficirskih je ta što svi rangovi Gefreitera ne mogu izdavati
zapovjedi (komandirati) onima sa nižim činom, osim u posebnim
slučajevima, kao što je na stražarskoj službi ili ako je privremeno
dobio takvu naredbu od nekoga iz lanca zapovijedanja. |
To be
promoted to Oberstabsgefreiter a soldier requires at least six years of
enlisted service and has to be a soldier for five years. The most
important distinction between NCOs and enlisted men is that the enlisted
cannot give any order even to lower-ranking soldiers unless specific
circumstances apply (e.g. while on guard duty or to soldiers ordered to do
so by their regular chain of command). |
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NCO'S CANDIDATES
KANDIDATI ZA PODOFICIRE
Unterffiziereanwärter |
Unteroffizieranwärter may be combined with any enlisted
rank. Čin pooficirskog kandidata može biti kombiniran sa svakim
vojničkim činom. |
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PRIVATE - NCO's
CANDIDATE |
PRIVATE 1st CLASS
- NCO's CANDIDATE |
PRIVATE 1st CLASS
- NCO's CANDIDATE |
Soldat - Unteroffizieranwärter |
Gefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
Gefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
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PRIVATE 1st CLASS - NCO's
CANDIDATE |
- NCO's
CANDIDATE |
LANCE CORPORAL - NCO's
CANDIDATE |
Obergefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
Obergefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
Hauptgefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
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LANCE CORPORAL - NCO's
CANDIDATE |
CORPORAL - NCO's
CANDIDATE |
SPECIALIST |
Hauptgefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
Stabsgefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
Oberstabsgefreiter
- Unteroffizieranwärter |
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NCO's
PODOFICIRI
Unteroffiziere |
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Podoficiri (Unteroffiziere)
igraju važnu ulogu u Kopnenoj vojsci i njima je povjerena komanda nad
većinom jedinica ispod ranga čete. Za podoficire se govori da su "kičma
vojske". Posebno od čina Feldwebela pa na više, jer nose odgovornost
vrlo sličnu onoj oficirskoj. To proizilazi iz njemačke vojne doktrine
"Auftragstaktik" što znači da zapovjedi uobičajeno ne sadrže specifične
instrukcije, već se njima određuje zadatak, vrijeme do kada mora biti
izvršen i sredstva koja može koristiti. Sam način izvršenja ovisi o
podoficiru, što im daje veliki dio slobode odlučivanja ali i
odgovornosti. Još od vremena Pruske vojske podoficiri su podijeljeni u
dvije kategorije: a) podoficir bez čvora na sablji i b) podoficir sa
čvorom na sablji. Znači podoficiri od čina Feldwebla na više smiju
nositi ukrasni čvor na svojoj sablji. |
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LANCE SERGEANT |
LANCE SERGEANT -
SIGNALS |
LANCE SERGEANT - ENGEENERS |
Unteroffizier |
Unteroffizier |
Unteroffizier |
Podoficir |
Podoficir - veza |
Podoficir - inžinjerija |
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NCOs (Unteroffiziere) play an important role in the
Heer as they are entrusted the command of most sub-company units. They
often are referred to as the backbone of the army. Especially Feldwebels
and above carry similar responsibilities officers have. This is largely
due to the German military doctrine of Auftragstaktik: German orders
usually do not include specific instructions, but rather a task, the
available time and the available means. This gives leaders of smaller
units a great deal of freedom and responsibility. Since the ancient time
of Prussian Army, the non-commissioned officers or subofficers of German
armies are distinguished into a) Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee (sub-officers
without sword-knot) b) Unteroffiziere mit Portepee (sub-officers with
sword-knot). Sub-officers from Feldwebel upwards were entitled to bear a
sword-knot at their sabre. |
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SERGEANT |
STAFF SERGEANT |
SERGEANT 1st CLASS -
ENGEENERS |
Stabsunteroffizier |
Feldwebel |
Oberfeldwebel |
Štabni
podoficir |
Stožerni narednik |
Narednik 1. klase - inžinjerija |
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Feldwebel
(stožerni narednik / štabni narednik) kao čin postoji još od 18.
vijeka, a kao titula se spominje još u srednjem vijeku. Naziv
Feldwebel se uobičajeno, ali netačno prevodi kao narednik. Kao čin
više odgovara britanskom "Warrant officer-u". Sama riječ ima korijen
u njemačkoj riječi "waibel" dijelu metle koja drži sve niti u
liniji. Prva zadaća feldwebela je bila da na bojom polju drže ljude
u liniji. U Švicarskoj vojci ovaj se čin još uvijek naziva
Feldweibel. U modernoj Njemačkoj vojsci feldwebel se mstra starijim
podoficirskim činom, između ostalog i zato što postoji veliki broj
kaplarskih činova, koji su niži od feldwebel-a. |
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Feldwebel as military rank existed since at least the 18th
century with usage as a title dating to the Middle Ages. The word
Feldwebel is usually, but incorrectly, translated as Sergeant. As a rank
it is more equivalent to the British "warrant officer". The German word
Feldwebel derives from the old German term 'waibel', a part of a loom to
bring all strings on a line. The Landsknecht regiments first installed
Feldwaibel to keep the men at line at the battlefield. In the Swiss Army,
the rank is still today called Feldweibel. In the modern German, Feldwebel
is considered a Senior NCO, due in part to the large number of Corporal
positions which exist as junior grades. |
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SERGEANT 1st CLASS |
SERGEANT 1st CLASS |
MASTER SERGEANT |
Oberfeldwebel |
Oberfeldwebel |
Hauptfeldwebel |
Narednik 1. klase |
Narednik 1. klase |
Glavni narednik |
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MASTER SERGEANT |
STAFF SERGEANT |
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Hauptfeldwebel |
Stabsfeldwebel |
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Glavni narednik |
Štabni narednik |
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Glavni narednik
u Njemačkoj vojsci je otprilike jednak činovima Company Seargent
Major (Commonwealth) ili Company First Seargent (USA). U jedinicama
ranga pješadijske čete, artiljerijske baterije, konjičkog eskadrona
i slično postoji po jedan ovakav podoficir. On je najstariji po činu
podofcir u svojoj jedinici, a dužnosti su mu uglavnom
administrativne i ne očekuje se da prati svoju jedinicu u juriš ili
borbu. |
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In the German military, the appointment of
Hauptfeldwebel was the German equivalent of a Commonwealth Company
Sergeant Major or American Company First Sergeant. There was one such NCO
in every infantry company, artillery battery, cavalry squadron, etc. He
was the senior NCO of his subunit, but his duties were largely
administrative and he was not expected to accompany his unit into an
assault or a firefight. Today, the former billet Hauptfeldwebel as a
company's Senior NCO has become a regular rank between Oberfeldwebel and
Stabsfeldwebel. It is comparable to the United States rank Master Sergeant. |
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HIGHER STAFF SERGEANT |
HIGHER STAFF SERGEANT |
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Oberstabsfeldwebel |
Oberstabsfeldwebel |
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Viši štabni narednik |
Viši štabni narednik |
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OFFICERS CANDIDATES
KANDIDATI ZA OFICIRE
Offiziereanwärter |
Offizieranwärter may be combined with any enlisted rank.
Čin oficirskog kandidata može biti kombiniran sa svakim vojničkim činom. |
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Offiziereanwärter |
Obergefraiter -Offiziereanwärter |
Fahnenjunker -
Offiziereanwärter |
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Fähnrich
-
Offiziereanwärter |
Oberfähnrich
-
Offiziereanwärter |
Hauptfeldwebel -
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Offiziereanwärter |
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OFFICERS
OFICIRI
Offiziere |
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SECOND LIEUTENANT |
SECOND LIEUTENANT |
SECOND LIEUTENANT |
Leutnant |
Leutnant |
Leutnant |
Potporučnik (Poručnik) |
Potporučnik (Poručnik) |
Potporučnik (Poručnik) |
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FIRST LIEUTENANT |
FIRST LIEUTENANT |
CAPTAIN (artillery) |
Oberleutnant
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Oberleutnant
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Hauptmann (Artilery) |
Poručnik (Nadporučnik) |
Poručnik (Nadporučnik) |
Kapetan
(Artiljerija) |
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CAPTAIN |
CAPTAIN (dentist) |
STAFF CAPTAIN |
Hauptman |
Hauptmann (Zahnarzt) |
Stabshauptmann |
Satnik (Kapetan) |
Kapetan
(Zubar) |
Štabni kapetan |
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Staff captain (Stabshauptmann) is very rear rank, mainly in specialist
careers. Štabni
kapetan
(Stabshauptmann)
je čin koji je vrlo rijedak, uglavnom u specijalističkim službama. |
Da bi bio unaprijeđen u čin majora (bojnika), koji je čin što ga mogu
dobiti samo profesionalni vojnici, oficir mora uspješno završiti
"Osnovni tečaj za aktivne oficire u trupi" (Stabsoffizierlehrgang
SOL). Potrebo je provesti
najmanje desset godina u službi da bi se dosegnuo čin majora, a za čin
potpukovnika (Oberstleutnant)
(i to je onda standardno zadnji čin) treba imati najmanje sedamnaest
godina službe. Pukovnik (Oberst)
je najviši "trupni" čin, i za njegovo dobijanje treba provesti najmanje
17 godina u službi kao trupni officir ili dvadeset godina u vojnoj
službi općenito). |
In order to be promoted to Major (major; a rank only
career officers can achieve), the officers have to complete successfully a
course called field grade officer basic course (Stabsoffizierlehrgang
SOL). It takes a minimum of 10 years of officer's service to become a
major. Lt. colonel (Oberstleutnant) is the standard final rank for career
officers which can be awarded after 17 years of service. Colonel (Oberst)
is the highest field grade rank (promotion requires a minimum of 17 years
of officer's service, i.e. 20 years of service overall). |
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MAJOR |
MAJOR |
LIEUTENANT COLONEL |
Major |
Major |
Oberstleutnant
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Major |
Major |
Potpukovnik |
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COLONEL |
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Oberst |
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Pukovnik |
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Za tečaj za generalštabne oficire (Generalstabslehrgang)
se odabire otprilike 1,5% svake trupe i šalje ih se na daljnju obuku
u Vojnu akademiju "Akademiju za vođe" (Führungsakademie
der Bundeswehr). Nakon
uspješno završenog dvogodišnjeg školovanja dobijaju pravo da iza
svojeg čina dopišu "i.G" što znači u generalštabnoj službi (im
Generalstabsdienst).
Oficiri koji su završili ove tečajeve u principu najniže što dosegnu
u karijeri je pukovnički čin. Da bi postali generali, oficiri
obavezno moraju imati završenu ovu školu (Generalstabslehrgang).
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About 1.5 per cent of each crew are chosen to take
part in the general staff course (Generalstabslehrgang) at the military
academy (Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr) at Hamburg. This course
lasts two years after the completion of which the participants put a
"i.G." after their rank, meaning in general staff service (im
Generalstabsdienst). Having completed this course, the minimum rank those
officers achieve is usually colonel (Oberst). The Generalstabslehrgang is
a necessary requirement for the promotion to a General's rank. |
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BRIGADIER |
BRIGADIER
* |
*
Detail from "special"
Brigadirs rank: this is
insignia for brigadiers from military courts used in war time only.
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Brigadegeneral |
Brigadegeneral |
Brigadni general |
Brigadni general |
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*Detalj sa čina Brigadira člana vojnog suda -
koristi se samo u ratno vrijeme. Vrlo rijetka oznaka. |
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MAJOR GENERAL |
LIEUTENANT GENERAL |
GENERAL |
Generalmajor |
Generalleutnant |
General |
General major |
General pukovnik |
General |
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ON TOP
NA VRH |
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