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POLICE AND ARMY

COMBAT GROUPS of the WORKING CLASS   BORBENE GRUPE RADNIČKE KLASE

Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse

      Borbene grupe radničke klase su bile paravojna formacija u periodu od 1953. do 1990.god. Brojno stanje im je bilo oko 400.000 i bili su organizirani po svojim radnim organizacijama. Djelovali su samo u svojem okruženju, dok su mobilne ili motorizirane jedinice mogle biti korištene i u drugim dijelovima Demokratske Republike Njemačke (DDR-a). Najveća upotreba tih jedinica je bila za vrijeme izgradnje Berlinskog zida 1961. godine. Preko 8000 pripadnika je radilo na zidu, a samo ih je 8 prebjeglo na Zapad, što dovoljno govori o njihovom moralu i odanosti. Raspušteni su, odlukom istočnonjemačke skupštine krajem 1989.godine. Do maja 1990. godine je  razoružano zadnjih 189.370 pripadnika (u 2022 jedinice).

      The Combat Groups of the Working Class (German: Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse, KdA) was a paramilitary organisation in East Germany, founded in 1953 and abolished in 1990. It numbered about 400,000 volunteers for much of its existence. The KdA were organized into units based on their workplace. General units were closely tied to their local basis, nationalized enterprises, state and local administration offices and other workplaces, and their organizations and their employment did not extend beyond the district level. The mobile or motorized units, designated Battalions of the Regional Reserve, could be employed outside their local and district areas. The largest use of the KdA was during the construction of the Berlin wall in the summer and fall of 1961. Over 8,000 KdA, about 20% of all military units, were involved in this effort. During the six week deployment of the KdA to the East-West Berlin sector boundary, only eight members escaped to the West, indicating a high state of morale and political reliability. The decision to disband the KdA was made by the East German parliament (Volkskammer) in December 1989. Disarmament of the KdA began that month and was supervised by the police who consolidated and stored weapons and equipment along with the National People's Army (NVA). The final 189,370 fighters (in 2,022 units) were completely demobilized in May 1990.

      Medalja za dugotrajnu službu u borbenim grupama je ustanovljena 1965. godine kao nagrada za lojalnu i savjesnu službu u Borbenim grupama radničke klase (Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse). Postojala su četiri stupnja ove medalje: za 25, 20, 15 i 10 godina službe. Svima je izgled isti, na okrugloj metalnoj medalji je lik pripadnika borbenih grupa sa AK-47 koju drži preko prsa. U pozadini je industrijski pejzaž, a ispred piše „FÜR TREUE DIENST“ (za vjernu službu). U medalji, uz rub se nalazi lovorov vijenac. Na reversu se nalazi grb Demokratske Republike Njemačke. Boje su zlatna (25 i 20 g), srebrena za 15 i brončana za 10 godina.

      Circular gilt metal medal with loop for ribbon suspension; the face with the half-length uniformed figure of a member of the ‘Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse’ (Worker’s Militia), an AK-47 assault rifle held across his chest, an industrial landscape beyond, inscribed ‘FÜR TREUE DIENST’ (for faithful service) within a laurel wreath; the reverse with the arms of the German Democratic Republic; slight age oxidisation marks; on original ribbon and pentagonal hanger. The medal was instituted in four grades in 1965 to reward loyal and conscientious service in the Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse’ (Worker’s Militia); this example is for 10 years’ service. The medal was suppressed in 1990.

SPORT AND TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION    SAVEZ ZA SPORT I TEHNOLOGIJU

Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik   GST

      GST je osnovan 1952. godine po uzoru sovjetski DOSAAF radi poticanja pripremne obuke mladih u dobi od 14 do 25 godina. Pod Ministarstvom obrane od 1956. godine pripremaju mlade za službu u NVA-i, GST je ponudio uzbudljive stvari kao što su padobranstvo, pucanje, letenje, motociklizam, radio, izrada modela itd. Uz osnovnu obuku, pripremni trening obuhvaćao je i specijaliziranu obuku za određena polja karijere NVA-e koja je bila dobrovoljna, osim za muškarce između 16 i 19 koji su namjeravali biti vojnici u karijeri. Uspješnim ispunjavanjem zahtjeva stekli su značku koja se mogla nositi na uniformi NVA-e, a mnogi su se mladići kvalificirali za vozačke i pilotske dozvole putem GST-a. GST je pomagao NVA pripremajući mladiće u osnovnim vojnim vještinama i, u mnogim slučajevima, muškarce koji su imali posebne vještine. GST je također slijedio svoje ciljeve indoktrinacije kroz predavanja o socijalizmu i ciljevima Stranke socijalističkog jedinstva DDR-a.

      The GST was founded in 1952 in imitation of the Soviet DOSAAF to encourage the premilitary training of youth between the ages of 14 and 25. Placed under the control of the Ministry of Defense in 1956 and tasked to prepare young men for service in the NVA, the GST offered exciting things to do such as parachuting, shooting, flying, motorcycling, radio, model building, etc. In addition to basic training, the premilitary training included specialized training for specific NVA career fields which was voluntary except for men between 16 and 19 who intended to be career soldiers. Successful completion of requirements earned a badge which could be worn on the NVA uniform and many young men qualified for drivers and pilots licenses through the GST. The GST assisted the NVA by providing men who had already learned basic military skills and, in many cases, men who had a specialty skill. The GST also pursued its indoctrination goals through classes on socialism and the aims of the Socialist Unity Party of the DDR.