POLICE AND ARMY

PARATROOPER'S BADGES  PADOBRANSKE OZNAKE

      Padobranska značka Nacionalne Narodne Armije uvedena je 22. 12. 1966. Nekoliko puta su mjenjana pravila, zadnji puta 21. 11. 1982. Uvjeti za značku su bili: pet padobranskih skokova (vojnih), dobri rezultati u borbenoj i političkoj obuci te primjerenost na političkom i vojnom polju. Oznake skokova su bile: 10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 i 5000.

      Značka padobranskog skoka izrađena je od obojenih metala, visoka je 40 mm i široka 22 mm. Prikazuje veliko, svijetloplavo emajlirano glavno polje koje se sužava prema vrhu i pokazuje otvoreni padobran. Rub i linije padobrana bili su u početku srebrne boje, kasnije brončane boje. Kupola padobrana kombinirana je u donjem dijelu značke s obojenim emajliranim amblemom GDR-a koji se nalazi u vijencu od hrastovog lišća. Između njegovih krajeva postavljen je prikaz Kalašnikova. Privjesci za broj skokova su brončane boje i pokazuju broj skokova izvedenih crnim slovima, okruženi s dvije grane hrastovog lišća prekrižene na dnu, koje okružuju privjesak gotovo naokolo. Značka se nosila na desnom džepu uniforme redoslijedom najboljih ranijih priznanja ili sama po sredini džepa.

      The parachute jump badge of the National People's Army (NVA) was introduced on December 22, 1966. On November 21, 1982, new award conditions were announced again. The parachute jump badge has now been awarded for five parachute jumps under the NVA or the requirements and goals of pre-military training paratroopers with the GST, but had made their first jump in the NVA good results in political and combat training and exemplary leadership and stance in the political and military fields. The trailers for the parachute jump badge were expanded again, so that there were now the following trailer numbers: 10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 and 5000.

      The parachute jump badge is made of non-ferrous metal, is 40 mm high and 22 mm wide. It shows a large, light blue enameled main field that tapers to the top and shows an open parachute. The edge and the lines of the parachute were initially silver-colored, later bronze-colored. The tapered cone of the parachute end is combined in the lower part of the badge with the colored, enamelled emblem of the GDR, which is flanked on the left and right by a curved oak leaf branch. A submachine gun is placed between its ends. The pendants for the parachute jump badge are also bronze-colored and show the number of jumps completed in black letters, surrounded by two oak leaf branches crossed at the bottom, which surround the trailer almost all around. The back of the badge shows not only the holding pin with counter hooks but also the holding wires for the pendant. The badge was worn over the right breast pocket of the uniform in the order of the best badges previously awarded or alone in the middle.

SHOOTING CORD    STRELJAČKA VEZICA

      Streljačka vrpca NVA-e nagrada je Nacionalne narodne vojske Njemačke Demokratske Republike (DDR), uvedena je 22. lipnja 1957. godine naredbom ministra za nacionalnu obranu. Prve je proizvela dresdenska tvrtka Stanzila. Od 1958. do 1960. proizvodnju je preuzeo VEB Präwema iz Markneukirchena. Potonja je tvrtka bila najveći proizvođač metalnih znački u DDR-u. Streljačka vrpca bila je jedna od takozvanih "pet vojničkih nagrada" NVA-e.

      Nagrada je rangirana u četiri faze. Kada su prvi put ispunjeni uvjeti za nagradu, nagrađeni su dobili samo vezicu  i značku. Uz ponovljeno ispunjenje (razina od II do IV) svaki put dodavan je samo jedan žir. Ta se tradicija primjenjivala i u Wehrmachtu. Stoga su maksimalna nagrada bila tri žira ako su se uvjeti za dodjelu zadovoljili četiri puta.

      Streljačka vrpca iznosi cca. duljine 35 cm i sastoji se od pletenog djela i aluminijske značke. Za graničnu policiju, interventnu policiju također su izrađene od pletenog aluminija, ali protkane zelenom bojom, od čega je deset dijelova bilo srebrno, a dva dijela zeleno. Iznimka je bila traka granične morske policije koja se sastojala od deset dijelova tamnoplave i dva dijela zelene boje.

      The rifle cord of the NVA was an award of the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was introduced on June 22, 1957 with the order of the Minister for National Defense. The first shooting lines were manufactured this year by the Dresden company Stanzila. From 1958 to 1960 VEB Präwema from Markneukirchen took over the production. The latter company was the largest producer of metal badges in the GDR. The rifle cord was one of the so-called "five soldier awards" of the NVA.

      The NVA's shooting line came in four stages. When the conditions for the award were met for the first time, only the rifle cord and its edition were awarded. With repeated fulfillment (level II to IV) only one acorn each time. This tradition had already been practiced in the Wehrmacht. The maximum award was therefore three acorns if the award conditions were met four times.

      The rifle cord of the NVA is approx. 35 cm long and consists of braided aluminum spun. The rifle cords of the border police, riot police and VP readiness were also made of braided aluminum, but interwoven with green, of which ten parts were silver and two parts green. The exception was the rifle cord of the border police of the sea, which consisted of ten parts dark blue and two parts green.

CLASSIFICATION BADGES  OZNAKE KLASE PO SPECIJALNOSTIMA

      U istočnonjemačkoj vojsci su uvedene i oznake specijalnosti. Značke su uvedene krajem pedestih godina dvadesetog vijeka kao važan dio napora u kreiranju profesionalne vojske ohrabrujući pripadnike oružanih snaga da unaprijede svoje vojničke vještine. Oznake imaju tri različite serije. Prva serija, od 1960. do 1967., druga serija od 1963. do 1985. te treća serija od 1986. do 1990. Oznake imaju tri stupnja, a neke od njih imaju i četvrti Majstorski nivo. Za dobijanje svakog nivoa je trebalo položiti i poseban ispit.

      In GDR  were issued "Classification badges" (Klassifizierungsabzeichen).  The badges was instituted in the last years of 1950 as an important part of DDR effort to create a more professional military by encouraging members of the armed forces to improve their technical skills. Badges had three diferent series (shapes). 1st Series, from 1960 to 1967, 2nd Series, from 1963 to 1985 and 3rd series, from 1986 to 1990.  The badges had 3 levels (1-3) and Master level (only for some class). Any of this level had an exam.

      Standardizirana klasifikacijska značka, kasnije poznata i kao opća klasifikacijska značka, dodijeljena je svim članovima NVA-a za koje nije postojala posebna klasifikacija. Oznaka prvog tipa, koja je predstavljena 1. lipnja 1962., pokazuje zlatnu kopču široku 93 mm s naznačenim krakovima krila na kojoj je šest hrastovih listova i tri žira usmjereno prema van sa svake strane. Gornji treći red hrastovog lišća nalazi se na vrhu dva donja i djelomično ih prekriva. Dvije ruke krila sjedinjuju se u sredini u crveni kvadrat dimenzija 21 × 21 mm na kojem se može vidjeti državni grb GDR-a. Razina kvalifikacije može se vidjeti između krajeva lovorovih grana koji se protežu od državnog grba.

      The standardized classification clasp, later known as the general classification badge, was awarded to all those members of the NVA for whom there was no special classification badge. The clasp of the first form, which was introduced on June 1, 1962, shows a 93 mm wide golden clasp with indicated wing arms, on which six oak leaves and three acorns are directed outwards on each side. The top third row of oak leaves lies on top of the bottom two and partially covers them. The two wing arms unite in the middle in a red square with the dimensions 21 × 21 mm in which the state coat of arms of the GDR can be seen. The performance level awarded can be seen between the ends of the laurel branches that extend from the national coat of arms.

      Klasifikacijska značka prve verzije dodijeljivana je od 1958. do 1960. godine, druga verzija ove oznake, se dodijeljivala od 1960. do 31. 05. 1962. Od 01. 06. 1963. uvedena je treća varijanta značke, a dodjeljivna je i vozačima oklopnih vozila. 01. 12. 1986., značka je zadnji put promijenjena. Pozlaćena značka, sada izrađena od čeličnog lima, je široka 86 mm i visoka 25 mm. U njenom središtu je pozlaćeni lovorov vijenac, koji prikazuje obojeni amblem NVA-e na njegovom gornjem središtu i bijeli oval s nagrađenim stupnjem postignuća u njegovom donjem središtu. Unutar lovorovog vijenca ružičaste pozadine, prikazan je tenk T-72 usmjeren na lijevo.

      The classification badge of the first version was awarded from 1958 to 1960, the second version of this clasp, which was awarded from 1960 to May 31, 1962. On June 1, 1963, a third variant of the clasp was introduced, including for BMP armored personnel drivers (third line). On December 1, 1986, this clasp was changed one last time. It applied to chain and tank technology, including. The gold-plated clasp, now made of sheet steel, is 86 mm wide and 25 mm high. It shows in its center a gilded laurel wreath, which shows the colored emblem of the NVA on its upper center and a white oval with the awarded step in its lower center. Within the laurel wreath, this classification clasp shows a T-72 to the left on a pink background.

      Klasifikacijska značka pripadnika jedinica veze i elektronskog ratovanja (Klassifizierungsspange für Nachrichten-, Funkmeß-, Waffenleit und Führungstechnik sowie Technik des Funkelektronischen Kampfes) je dodjeljivana od 01. 12. 1985. do 02. 10. 1990. godine. U sredini pozlaćenej metalne trake dužine 86 mm i visine 25 mm nalazi se pleteni lovorov vijenac na čijem vrhu se nalazi obojeni amblem NVA (Nacionalne narodne vojske). U dnu vijenca je bijeli oval sa rimskim  brojem klase koja je dodjeljena. U sredini vijenca su prikazane tri munje koja idu prema dnu ovala žute pozadine. Dvije lijeve munje su prelomljene valom iz kojega jedna munja sijeva prema gore.

      Classification clasp for communications, radio measurement, weapon control and command technology as well as technology of radio electronic combat badge (Klassifizierungsspange für Nachrichten-, Funkmeß-, Waffenleit und Führungstechnik sowie Technik des Funkelektronischen Kampfes) was awarded from December 1, 1985 to October 2, 1990. The gold-plated clasp made of sheet steel is 86 mm and 25 mm high. It shows in its center a gilded laurel wreath, which shows the colored emblem of the NVA on its upper center and a white oval with the awarded step in its lower center. Within the laurel wreath, this classification clasp shows three lightning bolts directed from top to bottom on a yellow background, of which the two left are broken by a wave, followed by an upward-pointing arrow.

      Klasifikacijska značka vodiča službenog psa (Klassifizierungsspange für Diensthundeführer) dodjeljivana je od 1966-te do 02. 10. 1990. godine. Značka, dužine 63 mm, je u srebreno patinirana i sastoji se od pet traka okrenutih prema vanjskoj strani, koje se sužavaju prema krajevima. Srednja od odih 5 traja je najšira i najduža. U sredini značke je vijenac od hrastovog lišća, promjera 25 mm.  Na vrhu vijenca su tri polja u bojama državne zastave crna, crvena i žuta, a u sredini crvenog polja se nalazi grb DDR-a. Unutar vijenca je prikaz glave psa, njemačkog ovčara zlatne boje. U dnu vijenca je oval bijele boje u kojem je rimskim brojem ispisana klasa. Značka je dodjeljivana pripadnicima Graničnih jedinica, policije i vojske.

      The classification badge (Klassifizierungsspange für Diensthundeführer) awarded from 1966 to October 2, 1990 has the shape of a silver-plated clasp that is 63 mm wide and consists of five rays on both sides that taper towards the outside. The middle of the five rays is the widest. In the middle of the clasp you can see an oak leaf wreath, which has a diameter of approx. 25 mm and shows three enameled fields in the upper middle, which are laid out in black, red and gold. The middle red shows the coat of arms of the GDR. In its lower part, a white oval field can be seen, on which the awarded performance level can be seen. The head of a German shepherd is found within the oak leaf wreath. The award is given to members of the border troops of the GDR, as well as to members of the NVA and the Ministry of the Interior.

      1964. je ustanovljena „Značka najboljeg“ (Bestenabzeichen). U početku je značka mogla biti dodjeljivana mnogo puta, do 25, a istovremeno su se smjele nositi samo tri na uniformi. Nakon toga se na značke počeo dodavati broj dodjeljenih. 1982. godine uvjeti za dodjeljivanje su modificirani i postali restriktivniji, ograničivši broj dodjeljivanja na tri, ali su za pripadnike vojske koji su ispunajvali uvjete za daljnje dodjele, ustanovljene nove značke/medalje.

      1964 saw the institution of the NVA's Bestenabzeichen. Literally translated "Badge of the Best" or "The Best's Badge", it is probably better translated as "Badge of Excellence". Originally, the badge could be awarded multiple times and as many as three of the badges could be worn together. In 1969, this practice was abolished with the introduction of numbered pendants showing the number of times the awardee had re-qualified for the badge. Up until 1982, up to 25 such "repetitions" were possible. In 1982, award conditions were modified and became more restrictive, limiting the number of repetitions to 3 (following the first award). Soldiers who theoretically fulfilled the conditions for subsequent additional awards of the badge were now rewarded with other badges/medals.

      1986 saw the institution of a whole new version of the GDR military's Bestenabzeichen. Bearing hardly any resemblance to its predecessor anyway, the concept of numbered pendants was also dropped in favor of a rather novel approach: The number of times the badge was awarded was now displayed on small, removable inserts at the bottom of the badge. In case of an additional award, the insert could be exchanged against one with the now-appropriate number. The number of three repetitions was retained; upon the first award, the badge now bore the number "1", followed by "2", "3" and "4". This badge was awarded until the end of the GDR in 1990.

      „Značka Rezervista“  (Reservistenabzeichen) ustanovljena je 1965. godine i prva je dodijeljena 1966. Dodjeljivane su bivšim vojnicima koji su nakon aktivne službe prešli u rezervni sastav. Prva, kratkotrajna verzija je bila u obliku obične značke za rever i dojeljivale su se do 1968. Dodijeljivane su u tri stupnja: Brončana za 18 do 24 mjeseca službe, srebrena za više od dvije do deset godina, a zlatna za više od deset godina službe. Krajem 1968. godine prvotna verzija se zamijenjuje masivnijom, dvodjelnom medaljom, koja se nosila na uniformi. Stupnjevi i kriteriji za dodjelu su ostali isti, a svima koji su dobili stare verzije, dodijeljene su i ove medalje.

      The Reservists' Badges (Reservistenabzeichen) of the GDR's armed forces. Instituted in 1965 and first awarded in 1966, these badges were presented to all former soldiers who were honorably discharged from active military service and taken into the reserves. The short-lived first version of the badge, which was awarded until 1968, was a stickpin for wear in the lapel buttonhole of a civilian suit. It came in three grades: Bronze was for 18 months to 2 years of service, silver for more than 2 years up to 10 years and gold for more than 10 years of service. In October 1968, the first version was replaced by a more massive two-piece medal, which could be worn with uniforms. The three grades and their award criteria remained unchanged, and recipients of the first version were provided with the appropriate class of the new style as well.

      Vojna sportska značka Kopnene vojske (Militärsportabzeichen der Nationalen Volksarmee) ustanovljena je 1968. godine. 1984. godine predložen je novi dizajn, ali nije usvojen, te je ovaj znak, neizmjenjen dojeljivan sve do kraja DDR-a.

      Military Sports Badge of the National People's Army (Militärsportabzeichen der Nationalen Volksarmee) was instituted in 1968. A new design was proposed in 1984, but not accepted; this is the version awarded until the end of the GDR.

      Značka za postignuća u više sportskih disciplina (Leistungsabzeichen für Militärischen Mehrkampf) je izdavana u tri stupnja: zlatna, srebrena i brončana.

      Proficiency Badge for Multiple-Discipline Military Sports/Skills (Leistungsabzeichen für Militärischen Mehrkampf)  was issued in three grades: bronze, silver and gold.

20 YEARS OF DDR ARMED FORCEES  20 GODINA ORUŽANIH SNAGA DDR-a

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - 20 YEARS OF NATIONAL ARMED FORCES 1956 - 1976

Ministerium für Nationale Verteidigung  20 jahre Nationale Volksarmee 1956 - 1976

Ministarstvo odbrane - 20 godina Narodne armije 1956 - 1976

Klaus Feder, Jürgen Wagner, Ralf Swoboda: "Militärische Abzeichen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik".

Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin 1988.